The Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS): Further data on its reliability, validity, and metacognition correlates

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Harald Merckelbach
Peter Muris
Ineke Wessel
Peter J. Van Koppen
Cite this article:  Merckelbach, H., Muris, P., Wessel, I., & Van Koppen, P. (1998). The Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS): Further data on its reliability, validity, and metacognition correlates. Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal, 26(2), 203-210.


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In this article we present 2 studies in which the psychometric properties and validity of the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS) were further investigated. Results of the first study (N = 40) indicate that the GSS has reasonable internal consistency. Additionally, a modest but significant test-retest stability was found for the GSS. As to the association between suggestibility and self-reported cognitive efficiency (i.e., metacognition measures), scores on the yield dimension of the GSS were positively and significantly related to scores on the Dissociation Experiences Scale (DES), but not to scores on the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ). In a second, experimental study (N = 53), evidence was found for the predictive validity of the GSS. In that study, participants saw a slide series and were then confronted with leading questions about the critical (emotional) slide. In addition, they completed the yield scale of the GSS. A small but significant correlation was found between participants’ yield scores on the GSS and their susceptibility to leading questions about the slide series.


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