Leader age and national conditions: A longitudinal analysis of 25 European monarchs

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Dean Keith Simonton
Cite this article:  Simonton, D. (1984). Leader age and national conditions: A longitudinal analysis of 25 European monarchs. Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal, 12(2), 111-114.


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In order to determine the relationship between age and achievement in the politico-military domain, the reigns of 25 long-tenured European absolute monarchs were analyzed as cross-sectional time series of 238 5-year age periods. Both linear and curvilinear age functions were defined along with variables to control for individual differences, linear time trends, and other potential artifacts. A partial correlation analysis indicated that leader age tends to be negatively correlated with military success in foreign wars and with treaty negotiation, and positively correlated with civil instability at home, whether in the royal family or in the populace. Moreover, some indicators of military and diplomatic success are curvilinear inverted U-functions of leader age, the peak approximately occurring in the leader's 42nd year.
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© 1984 Scientific Journal Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.