On causal attribution: The interactive relationship between self-esteem and task performance

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Joy Patricia Burke
Cite this article:  Burke, J. (1978). On causal attribution: The interactive relationship between self-esteem and task performance. Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal, 6(2), 211-222.


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An experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and performance outcome as these variables related to causal attribution. Subjects with low, medium, and high self-esteem attributed success and failure outcomes at an achievement-related task to ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck. Results indicated that (a) success was attributed more than failure to ability and effort, (b) performance outcomes consistent with self-esteem were attributed more than inconsistent outcomes to ability and task difficulty, and (c) performance outcomes inconsistent with self-esteem were attributed more than consistent outcomes to luck. Only the attribution pattern resulting for effort was not largely a function of consistency (or inconsistency) of performance feedback. Rather, performance outcome itself was the dominant influence. The significance of these results is discussed.
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© 1978 Scientific Journal Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.