Psychological violence in learning organizations: A case study in Sanliurfa, Turkey

The purpose of this study was to examine psychological violence in learning organizations. The researchers investigated whether teachers in primary schools have been exposed to violence based on gender, marital status, or experience. The sample included 310 teachers randomly selected from among teachers who work in Sanliurfa, Turkey, in the 2007-2008 academic year. Data were collected by means of a 23-item questionnaire measuring how often teachers had been exposed to psychological violence in schools. Results revealed that female teachers were more likely to be exposed to psychological violence than were males, and unmarried teachers were more likely to experience psychological violence than were married individuals. Moreover, it was found that there was a greater incidence of junior and senior teachers being exposed to psychological violence compared to mid-career teachers.