Spanish adaptation and analysis by structural equation modeling of an instrument for monitoring overtraining: The Recovery-Stress Questionnaire

This study was aimed at examining the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport; Kellmann & Kallus, 2000), and determining relationships between specific and overall dimensions of stress and recovery. A sample of Spanish athletes from various sports completed the instrument. Two factors were obtained in both the general (Sport Non-Specific Stress and Sport Non-Specific Recovery) and the specific module of the questionnaire (Sport Specific Stress and Sport Specific Recovery). A recursive model with a satisfactory fit, in which all factors would explain a total stress dimension, a total recovery dimension and a stress-recovery state, was developed. Results support the internal validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the RESTQ-Sport, and allow for the establishment of relationships among the various different constructs that form the basis of the questionnaire.