Relationship between depression and anxiety among undergraduate students in eighteen Arab countries: A cross-cultural study

To gain more understanding of the relationship between anxiety and depression, the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (KUAS; Abdel-Khalek, 2000) and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II; Ghareek, 2000) were administrated to 9,168 participants (4,230 males and 4,938 females) in 18 Arab countries, with ages ranging from 18-25 years. It was found that depression was positively significantly correlated with anxiety (Mdn = 0.66 p < .01). This finding may be because anxiety and depression are often found correlated positively with depression even in nonclinical samples. Findings are discussed in terms of previous research.