Triple-E effect: Corporate ethical responsibility, ethical values, and employee emotions in the healthcare sector

Existing research has focused on organizational interventions in promoting financial performance but has neglected individual factors, such as employee emotions. Our study explored the links between corporate social responsibility (CSR), financial performance, and employee happiness, and examined the moderating effect of altruistic values on these relationships. Data from 286 healthcare workers were analyzed using SMART-PLS software. Results revealed that CSR had a direct impact on financial performance, with happiness functioning as a mediating factor and altruistic values having a significant conditional moderating role. Thus, this research highlights the importance of the triple-E effect on enhancing financial performance in healthcare organizations: Ethical responsibility (i.e., CSR), employee happiness, and ethical values (i.e., altruistic values).