Parental discipline and delayed gratification

It was hypothesized that children brought up under coercive power (exemplified by direct commands, arbitrary power, no explanation, and not keeping promises) would be more likely to exhibit immediate gratification, whereas children brought up under noncoercive power would be more likely to delay gratification. A total of 107 junior-high students completed a questionnaire measuring delayed gratification and a questionnaire measuring attitudes towards parental discipline, and the hypothesis was confirmed.