Social identity: The cause of distinction between group-reference and self-reference effects

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Zhijun Liu
Lin Wu
Chunna Hou
Cite this article:  Liu, Z., Wu, L., & Hou, C. (2015). Social identity: The cause of distinction between group-reference and self-reference effects. Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal, 43(9), 1409-1418.


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We used a subliminal priming procedure to explore whether or not the intensity of identity salience facilitates the advantage of memory in distinguishing between the strength of the group-reference effect and that of the self-reference effect. In Experiment 1 (N = 124), participants were primed with in-group, out-group, or combined salience conditions before encoding adjectives with reference to the in-group and out-group, and were then subsequently given a surprise free-recall test. These results showed that the intensity of social identity could predict the memory advantage of group-reference tasks; moreover, the memory effect of group-reference tasks was strongest in the combined salience condition compared with in-group or out-group salience alone. In Experiment 2 (N = 81), we used different referential conditions and found that the intensity of social identity changed with identity salience and was a possible cause of differences between the intensity of the group-reference effect and that of the self-reference effect.

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